Chapter 1st

 Chemical Reactions and Equations



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Life Process

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  Life processes     •   Constantly exhibit the functions of maintenance and repair in living organisms     •   Some Examples- Digestion, Respiration, Circulation etc. Nutrition     •   Process of obtaining nutrients from the environment i.e. intake of food and then its digestion in the body.     •   Two types – Autotrophic (self-sufficient for food) and Heterotrophic (dependent on others for food). Autotrophic nutrition     •   Synthesis of food by photosynthesis- ‘photo’ means light and ‘synthesis’ means production. It is the production of food with the help of sunlight.     •   Photosynthesis equation-           6CO 2 +6H 2 O give C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2     •   Events of photosynthesis are as follows: Absorption of light energy chlorophyll which is the green pigment and gives energy for activation of reaction. Then the splitting of water into its constituent’s hydrogen and oxygen leading to the Synthesis of ATP and NADPH 2  and finally reduction of CO 2  to carbohydrates. Heterotrophic
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  Ecosystem Mode of nutrition in animals and plants Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Saprophytes and decomposers Saprophytes are plants, fungi and microorganisms that feed on the dead and decaying material. Decomposers break down the organic matter or waste material and release nutrients into the soil.  For example, bacteria, worms, slugs, and snails. Abiotic components Non living chemical and physical components of the environment like the soil, air, water, temperature, etc. Biotic components Living organisms of the environment like the plants, animals, microbes and fungi. Ecosystem Includes both biotic and abiotic components. In a given area, all the living things such as plants, animals and organisms interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments, i.e., weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere. Trophic levels It refers to the various levels in a food web as per the flow of energy. The different trophic levels are – Producers (T1) Primary consumers (herbi
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