Chapter 1st

 Chemical Reactions and Equations



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Life Process

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  Ecosystem Mode of nutrition in animals and plants Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Saprophytes and decomposers Saprophytes are plants, fungi and microorganisms that feed on the dead and decaying material. Decomposers break down the organic matter or waste material and release nutrients into the soil.  For example, bacteria, worms, slugs, and snails. Abiotic components Non living chemical and physical components of the environment like the soil, air, water, temperature, etc. Biotic components Living organisms of the environment like the plants, animals, microbes and fungi. Ecosystem Includes both biotic and abiotic components. In a given area, all the living things such as plants, animals and organisms interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments, i.e., weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere. Trophic levels It refers to the various levels in a food web as per the flow of energy. The different trophic levels are – Producers (T1) Primary consumers (herbi
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How do Animals reproduce

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Reproduction :-    Ability to produce new organism is known as reproduction. There are two types of reproduction-asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Different types of Reproduction There are mainly two types of reproduction- asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Asexual Reproduction It is a mode of reproduction involving single parent. There are different modes of asexual reproduction- Fission:- It is the process of splitting of cell into two or more different cells. It can be categorised into two ways. Binary fission and Multiple  Fission. Binary fission is defined as the splitting of the organisms into two equal halves and each half give rise to a new organism.    For example,  Amoeba , Paramisium, Hydra, Yeast, etc. The most common type of fission in binary fission.  Fig.1. Binary fission in  Amoeba Multiple Fission If a   cell splits into number of cells called as multiple fission.  Fragmentation is another mode of asexual reproduction in which organism breaks
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